What does iconography refer to in art?

Iconography refers specifically to the subject matter or the symbols depicted within a work of art. It encompasses the visual images, symbols, and themes that convey particular meanings or messages in a piece. Understanding iconography is essential because it provides insights into the narrative, cultural context, or religious significance of the artwork. Through iconography, art historians and viewers can decode the symbols and subjects that the artist chose to include, enabling a deeper appreciation of the piece's meaning and connection to broader themes or traditions.

The other options relate to different aspects of art, such as the artist's personal style, the historical context surrounding the piece, or the techniques employed in its creation, but they do not specifically define iconography.