What does encaustic refer to in art?

Encaustic refers specifically to a technique that involves using colored pigments mixed with hot beeswax. This method not only allows for unique textural effects due to the nature of the wax but also provides a vibrant and rich color application when artists manipulate the molten mixture onto their surfaces. The wax acts as a binder for the pigments, and as it cools, it solidifies into a durable and water-resistant finish.

Other techniques, such as oil painting, collage, or watercolor, utilize different materials and methods; oil paint involves linseed oil as a binder, collage incorporates a variety of media often glued onto a surface, and watercolor relies on water-soluble pigments. Each of these has its distinct characteristics and uses, which differentiate them from the encaustic process. Understanding encaustic art highlights its historical significance and unique qualities, setting it apart from other paint applications in the visual arts.